Tag
gift_exchange
4 findings
Labour & employmentAbsence of Employer Announcement EffectsOutput changes during the announcement period were statistically zero (+0.014 SDs, p=0.685), compared to a 0.109 SDs output increase (p=0.020) after cash disbursement (p-value for equality of periods = 0.008), ruling out gift exchange or employer goodwill channels.RCTEducationGift Exchange and Hawthorne CounterfactualsNo significant differences in teacher absence or teaching activity were found between treatment and control groups in Year 1 or Year 2; moreover, contract teacher interventions yielded cumulative two-year gains twice as large as one-year gains, ruling out general novelty decay.RCTLabour & employmentTemporal Persistence Disproving Gift-Exchange Motivations in Workplace TrainingProductivity treatment effects were small and statistically insignificant during the 12-month training phase (+3.0 percentage points, p > 0.10) but grew significantly post-completion (+10.8 percentage points, p < 0.05) and persisted for 8 months, disproving gift-exchange reciprocity and confirming genuine skill accumulation.RCTLabour & employmentUnmonitored Quality Reciprocity (Gift Exchange)In the unmonitored condition, increasing piece rates has a negligible effect on error rates (+0.006 to +0.009 errors per unit, p > 0.05), indicating workers do not excessively compromise quality for speed when piece rates rise, consistent with gift-exchange reciprocity or anti-shirking norms.RCT