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Transport subsidies increased job search probability by 12.5% and central job board visits by 9 percentage points (nearly 30%) during the intervention [21]. At 8 months, formal employment rose by 5.4 percentage points, but all impacts on employment and earnings completely dissipated by 4 years [10, 11, 22].
In Ethiopia, transport subsidies helped youth secure higher-quality employment and reduced job seeker discouragement. In South Africa, transit subsidies to access city centers adjusted wage expectations toward realistic market rates and increased acceptance of jobs closer to home. In Jordan, direct cash transfers significantly increased job search effort, employment rates, and total earnings among refugees.