Tag
caste_hierarchy
3 findings
DevelopmentCaste-Specific Restriction Threshold EffectBusiness growth effects (increased loan uptake and sales expansion) were heavily concentrated among upper-caste Hindu women facing moderate social restrictions. Training produced no significant business expansion among Muslim women facing extreme social restrictions or among scheduled-caste Hindu women who faced lower baseline social restrictions.RCTSociety & networksMultidimensional Norm Indexing in Caste HierarchiesScheduled Caste Hindu women face the fewest restrictions (mean index = 0.48), Upper Caste Hindu women face 50% more restrictions (mean index = 0.75), and Muslim women face more than double the restriction intensity of Upper Caste women (mean index = 1.70).RCTDevelopmentSanskritization Constraint on Female Economic EmancipationUpper-caste Hindu women face 50% more social restrictions than Scheduled Caste women (index score 0.75 vs 0.48), whereas lower-caste Scheduled Caste women exhibit higher baseline business ownership (31% vs 27%) and higher financial autonomy due to necessity-driven earnings.Observational Study