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High-ability participants facing high-stakes performance pay were 16.2 percentage points more likely to return with a referral (p < 0.05), while low-ability participants showed no statistically significant increase in participation (3.0 percentage points, p > 0.10).
Token references were among the top 10 most frequent terms in individual-to-individual messages (terms such as "token", "giveusername", "leaderboard"). The bilateral token economy successfully induced strategic peer searching and reciprocal communication across virtual channels.
Cash transfers increased total months in the program by 7.9 months (ITT, p < 0.01) from a control mean of 11.4 months, and total counselor meetings by 5.3 (ITT, p < 0.01) from a control mean of 7.3. Information exposure increased by 48% (p < 0.01), yet the estimated treatment effect on the standardized human capital investment index and final employment outcomes was precisely zero.
Under the mathematical threshold where performance pay exceeds the social transfer differential divided by signal precision, high-stakes performance pay (50 Rupees) successfully incentivized participants to overcome network social transfer differentials, shifting referrals away from relatives by 7 percentage points and toward higher-skilled coworkers by 8 percentage points.
High performance pay increased the likelihood of referring coworkers by 8 percentage points and reduced relative referrals by 7 percentage points, while varying fixed fee amounts had zero effect on referral quality.
In France, private providers achieved lower employability outcomes than public employment services because fee structures incentivized maximizing participant volume over job fit. In Switzerland, private providers generated higher short-term placements, but long-term employment outcomes deteriorated because contractors prioritized rapid placement over durable employment matches.
Reaching 100 points awarded a 25 AED ($6.81 USD) gift certificate [1]; the verification mechanism successfully generated high-quality, verifiable weekly panel data across 137,927 observations [2].