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The treatment impact on permanent vacancy creation with pre-screening services was statistically equivalent between low-tightness markets (+0.033) and high-tightness markets (+0.061) with a p-value for equal treatment effect of 0.386.
Over 35% of reported gifts and high-value loans (at least Rs 500) occurred between relatives compared to only 2% between coworkers, driving referrers to select low-skilled relatives unless external employer incentives outweigh social transfers.
Treated firms experienced a 122% increase in vacancies assigned the prerequisites pre-selection service (0.028 increase over a 0.034 control mean, p < 0.01), where counselors co-defined 1 to 5 unobservable screening criteria with employers.
Treatment increased the proportion of vacancies designated as private (hidden from public internet access) by 57% (0.030 increase over 0.053 control mean, p < 0.01), which mechanically reduced direct jobseeker applications by 39% (-2.67 applications, p < 0.01).