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Combined 10th and 11th grade dropout rates reached 7.9% in industrial vocational tracks compared to 4.0% in commercial tracks; private vouchers enabled students to transition into commercial tracks, driving a 25% increase in high school graduation rates.
The intervention generated a statistically significant reduction in vocational education dropout rates and boosted job search skills and self-perceived job search capacity, though it did not increase participants' intentions to launch a business or short-term employment rates.
Providing vouchers for non-academic vocational tracks increased the likelihood of taking the national exit exam by 5 to 6 percentage points (a 25% relative increase) and boosted exam scores by 0.33 to 0.66 standard deviations, mitigating human capital deficits for non-college-bound students.
92.4% of private vocational schools offered commercial curricula aligned with growing service sectors compared to 62.4% of public schools, whereas public schools held 24.8% of offerings in industrial tracks versus 3.8% in private schools. Consequently, 10th-grade dropout rates were 3.0% in private vocational schools versus 7.2% in public ones.
Vocational job training programs significantly increased participants' probability of securing formal employment and improved overall employment quality compared to non-participants.