Original source
Financial Education and Financial Access for Transnational Households: Field Experimental Evidence from the Philippines (2016)
working paper
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Differential Binding Constraints Across Financial Product Markets
"In addition, while we find no evidence of constraints in access to formal credit and savings products, our results do suggest that access constraints exist in the formal insurance market."
Downstream Household Welfare Invariance to Short-Term Financial Capability Interventions
"We do not find statistically significant impacts of the treatments on any of the groups of outcome variables. While effects on individual variables are occasionally statistically significantly different from zero, we examine a large number of outcome variables, and when we make corrections for multiple inference we cannot reject the hypothesis of no effect on broader measures of household well-being."
Exogenous Remittance Expansion and Household Human Capital Accumulation
"Households in the Philippines experiencing exogenous increases in remittances become more likely to leave poverty status, to send their children to school, and to invest in entrepreneurial enterprises (Yang & Martinez 2005, Yang 2008a)."
Decoupling of General Formal Education and Specific Financial Literacy
"Though average education levels are quite high (approximately 16 years of education), financial literacy scores at baseline are low. Only 20% of the sample answered both financial literacy questions in our survey correctly, suggesting a possible benefit of financial education."
Financial Incentive Encouragement for Low-Baseline Take-up Rates
"Four months into the project, only 36 had participated in our financial education sessions out of the 487 invited. In the same period, only 4 individuals had availed of the BPI savings account following our invitations, while only one person had obtained an ASKI microloan... Starting January 2015, we provided financial incentives to encourage households to take-up the treatments."
Information-Driven Substitution from Informal to Formal Credit
"In response to the financial education treatment (whether alone or in combination with financial access), study participants changed their borrowing decisions: they borrowed lower amounts on average, and (conditional on borrowing) shifted their borrowing from sources of credit that are informal (family and friends) to formal ones (e.g., banks and MFIs)."
Microfinance Credit Inelasticity in Transnational Households
"Only nine individuals ended up opening BPI savings accounts, and only two took up the ASKI credit product. Regression coefficients in the credit regression are all very small in magnitude and not statistically significantly different from zero."
Transnational Migrant Savings Control and Monitoring
"Ashraf et al (2015) find in a randomized study among migrants from El Salvador that improving monitoring and control over savings (by providing new types of savings accounts that allow migrant joint- or sole-ownership) leads to higher savings in the home country."
Mobile Money Domestic Risk-Sharing
"Jack and Suri (2014) and Blumenstock (2016) find that internal remittances via mobile (cellphone) money systems contribute to risk-sharing within Kenya and Rwanda, respectively."
Modular Unbundling of Financial Education Components
"For example, impacts we found of financial education raise the question of what aspect of financial education is having the impact: is it advice on budget and planning, or facilitation of household goal-setting, or more detailed information on how to use specific financial services such as credit and savings? Future studies could randomize the inclusion of these specific sub-components of financial education to tease out which are leading to changed financial behaviors."
Market Saturation and Non-Binding Constraints in Formal Savings Products
"The dominant response by far (given by 46.9% of respondents) was that they preferred other establishments instead of BPI for savings products... That households felt that they had better products to avail of in the market also helps support the conclusion that households are not constrained in their access to savings products."
Non-Complementarity of Financial Education and Access
"We find no evidence of complementarities between the financial education and financial access treatments."
Remittance Counter-Cyclicity in Transnational Risk Coping
"In addition, remittances appear to serve as insurance, rising in the wake of negative shocks (Yang & Choi 2007, Yang 2008b)."
Transnational Principal-Agent Information Asymmetry in Remittance Management
"Doi, McKenzie, and Zia (2014) examined the impact of pre-departure financial education training in Indonesia, finding that training has positive impacts on financial practices and on savings when migrants and family members are trained together."