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Attrition was maintained at 3.4% to 7.7% across most study arms (except Vadodara Year 1 at 17-18% due to communal riots), with attritor pretest scores showing no significant difference between treatment and control groups.
Replicated real-world day-labor market conditions where 91 percent of participants were active labor force participants and 45 percent had made real job referrals, achieving a 72 percent return rate (N = 407 referrals) with robust experimental control over financial and screening incentives.
First-stage compliance coefficients ranged from 0.744 in Dallas and 0.517 in Charlotte-Mecklenburg down to 0.157 in New York and -0.079 (non-significant) in Denver. Low compliance in Denver stemmed from structural language certification rules requiring Spanish-speaking students to remain with Spanish-certified teachers.
Validated shift-level experimental independence across 13 multi-shift facilities without cross-shift contamination or social interaction overlap.
Wave 2 branch co-location resolved baseline refusal challenges, allowing enrollment to reach 8,248 total migrants and successfully retaining 4,458 participants.