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Household risk aversion showed no statistically significant effect on actual insurance uptake (marginal effect = -0.00285, p > 0.10). Institutional trust in financial entities was weakly negative (marginal effect = -0.0676, p < 0.10), indicating that lack of clear understanding and product ambiguity, rather than pure risk preference, suppressed commercial demand.
Business training doubled borrowing among upper-caste Hindu women, increasing loan take-up by 13 percentage points (p < 0.05) from a control mean of 17%, while causing a statistically insignificant reduction in savings (-315.32 rupees), confirming that training activates credit demand rather than merely increasing capital supply.
Among literate farmers, assignment to the insurance treatment group increased cash crop investment likelihood by 15 percentage points, whereas among illiterate farmers, the treatment effect was statistically indistinguishable from zero [11, 13].
Labor market participation and financial autonomy gains were concentrated exclusively among women who received both direct deposits and financial training, whereas bank account provision alone yielded negligible impact.
Four months post-training, the curriculum successfully increased hours worked across all trained participants, with business plan formulation and sales growth expanding significantly when coupled with peer support.
Significant labor supply and empowerment gains were concentrated exclusively among women who received both direct wage deposit and financial training; account access alone or direct deposit without training produced no meaningful shift in labor force participation.
Combining peer video motivation with concrete goal-setting generated a 19 percentage point increase in labor market participation (p < 0.01) and a 17 percentage point increase in business discussions with family (p < 0.05) among moderately restricted women.