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Remedial education increased average test scores in treatment schools by 0.14 standard deviations in year 1 and 0.28 standard deviations in year 2, with targeted bottom-third children gaining 0.40 standard deviations and directly assigned children gaining 0.60 standard deviations.
Only 19.5% of Grade 3 children in Vadodara and 33.7% in Mumbai passed Grade 1 mathematics competencies; nationally across India, 44% of children aged 7-12 were unable to read a basic paragraph.
Combining peer video motivation with concrete goal-setting generated a 19 percentage point increase in labor market participation (p < 0.01) and a 17 percentage point increase in business discussions with family (p < 0.05) among moderately restricted women.
Standardized remedial pedagogy implemented by short-tenured paraprofessionals (average tenure of 1 year) achieved consistent test score gains of 0.28 standard deviations across multiple urban settings.
Paraprofessionals sharing community backgrounds with students achieved 0.60 standard deviation learning gains, whereas formal teachers expressed social biases viewing instruction as doing a favor for disadvantaged groups.