Original source
Addressing High School Dropouts with a Scalable Intervention: The Case of PODER
Working paper · World Bank, Education Global Practice · Policy Research Working Paper 9085 · Version date: December 2019
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Administrative Algorithmic Dropout Targeting
"Once we condition on school fixed effects, GPA and the COMIPEMS admission exams could explain 19% of the total variation in the probability of completing, on-time, upper secondary."
Cascade Facilitator Training
"UNAM psychologists then delivered between 25 and 35 hours of training, depending on the treatment arm, including CBT and 'youth engagement' to volunteer teachers between September 5 and October 7."
Dose-Response Threshold in Non-Cognitive Interventions
"For students attending 5 or more CBT sessions, the probability of enrolling in 11th grade increases by 19 percentage points."
Construct Sensitivity Divergence in Non-Cognitive Evaluation
"The effect on the PLANEA score is large and statistically significant, about 0.17 and 0.18 standard deviations (sd)... When we look at the impact on the BarOn inventory, we find an effect that is small for both treatment groups and statistically not significant."
Institutional Promotion Rigidity Cascade
"According to the 2009 Survey of EMS Dropouts... subject repetition is the second most common reason after financial constraints-mentioned as a reason for early dropout."
Intervention Stigmatization and Negative Selection
"Lack of information about the program's objective and limited familiarity with counselling and psychological support were quickly filled by stigma, labeling PODER as a program to help 'problem students'."
Labor Market Opportunity Cost Pull
"In particular, Atkin (2016) finds that the export manufacturing boom that Mexico experienced in the 1990s generated an abundance of new low-skill formal job opportunities which substantially raised the probability of quitting for youths on the dropout margin at age 16."
Liquidity Constraint Neutrality in Student Dropout Dynamics
"Dustan (2018) and de Hoyos, Attanasio and Meghir (2019) provide rigorous evidence that two scholarship programs - 'PROBEMS' and 'Prepa Si' - had, on average, a precisely estimated null effect on proxies for high school graduation."
Out-of-School Scheduling Friction
"The CBT workshops and math tutoring were planned to be held during out-of-school hours. This was particularly challenging for students who had to arrive earlier at school or stay later... since many of the students... combine school with work."
Social Epistemological Mathematics Remediation
"The math training for tutors is based on the social epistemological theory which has a paradigm that rests on the use of contexts accounting for social and cultural characteristics of the students to build meaningful mathematical knowledge."
Strategic Exam Re-Application Disengagement
"Some students not enrolling in 11th grade might do so to re-enroll in the centralized assignment system, COMIPEMS, to have a chance of getting a place in an academic option that is either more selective or more aligned with their preferences."
Teacher-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
"Rather than using counselors who arrived with a background and expertise in psychology or social work, which would never have been possible to implement across a significant number of upper secondary schools in Mexico, the PODER program used existing teaching staff."
Youth Engagement Pre-Conditioning
"The socio-emotional intervention was designed by the Faculty of Psychology at the 'Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México' (UNAM) and it combines conventional cognitive behavioral therapy with 'youth engagement' strategies."