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Random assignment was strictly bounded within individual schools, grade levels, and subjects, preventing statistical evaluation of whether teacher value-added metrics hold predictive validity for cross-school teacher transfers or district-wide comparisons.
Replicated real-world day-labor market conditions where 91 percent of participants were active labor force participants and 45 percent had made real job referrals, achieving a 72 percent return rate (N = 407 referrals) with robust experimental control over financial and screening incentives.
Varying recruitment messaging altered the baseline applicant population along major socioeconomic dimensions (rich +62%, employed +28%), demonstrating that randomized trial estimates reflect treatment effects on a selected subset rather than the broader eligible population.