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Offering contract bidding and marketing skills training increased the number and diversity of buyers supplied, bidding frequency, and total contract values; three years later, participating firms were 25 percent more likely to remain operational and employ more workers.
Business training increased the likelihood of taking a loan by 13 percentage points (p < 0.05) and boosted labor market activity by 19 percentage points (a 25% increase, p < 0.01) among upper-caste Hindu women [7-9]. In contrast, the treatment effect on earning business income was 37 percentage points lower for Scheduled Caste women (p < 0.001) and 22 percentage points lower for Muslim women (p < 0.05), demonstrating a non-monotonic impact across restriction tiers [3, 8].
Women trained with a friend were 7 percentage points (117 percent) more likely to take a business loan within four months and 4 percentage points (40 percent) less likely to report their occupation as housewife compared to the control group, accompanied by higher household income and sales expansion. Solo-trained women showed no significant increase in borrowing or sales.