Flexible Formal Work Schedule Arrangements
Women were willing to forgo higher wages in exchange for job schedule flexibility, and providing remote/flexible formal work arrangements led to significant increases in female labor force participation.
Tag
female_labor_supply
4 cards
Gender-Targeted Direct Wage Deposit
Three years after implementation, average total wage deposits reached US$66 at contemporary exchange rates (equivalent to annual average wage earnings), and assignment to full treatment yielded a 0.12 standard deviation increase in the female banking autonomy index.
Ritual Purity Norms and Female Labor Seclusion
Ritual purity rules restricting contact with men significantly lower baseline business participation among Upper Caste Hindu women (27% business ownership) relative to lower-caste Scheduled Caste women (31% business ownership), despite identical average education levels (6.33 vs 6.62 years).
Sanskritization Constraint on Female Economic Emancipation
Upper-caste Hindu women face 50% more social restrictions than Scheduled Caste women (index score 0.75 vs 0.48), whereas lower-caste Scheduled Caste women exhibit higher baseline business ownership (31% vs 27%) and higher financial autonomy due to necessity-driven earnings [12, 14, 16].