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While developed-country job training programs produce modest impacts, short-term private sector work experience in low-income contexts generates large wage returns (an approximate 80% wage increase or $3.83 per day), substantially outperforming traditional public sector training initiatives.
Public sector ALMP placements show minimal wage gains in developing economies, whereas 5 days of private/international firm work experience in urban Malawi increased average daily wages by $3.83 to $4.19 (~80% wage increase, p < 0.05).
Vocational job training programs significantly increased participants' probability of securing formal employment and improved overall employment quality compared to non-participants.