Tag
labor_supply
26 findings
Labour & employmentAge-Dependent Labor Supply Reduction Near RetirementIndividuals aged 55 to 65 at the time of winning exhibit a significantly larger labor earnings reduction, with an additional MPE interaction coefficient of -0.167 (standard error 0.070), whereas individuals over 65 show no such additional reduction.Observational StudyEconomics (general)Asymmetric Wealth Effect of Subsidized Index ContractsOverall insurance take-up reached 42%. In non-payout villages, labor participation differences between insured and uninsured workers were statistically zero (p > 0.10, point estimate -4.6 days), whereas in payout villages, insurance payouts (Rs. 300 to Rs. 1,200) reduced labor participation by 28.5 percentage points and days worked by 15.44 days.RCTLabour & employmentCalibrated Labor Supply Elasticity of Housing SubsidiesCalibrated utility parameters ($\mu = 0.7285$) yield an income elasticity of -0.09 and a compensated wage elasticity of 0.15.RCTLabour & employmentDisutility of Leisure and Wage Discipline EffectMandatory participation eliminates non-market leisure time value ($h = 0.013$, equivalent to ~2% of UI benefit levels or >1% of worker productivity), disciplining worker outside options and lowering equilibrium wages by 0.03%, which encourages firms to expand overall vacancy postings by 2.4%.RCTDevelopmentCapital Deployment and Factor AllocationHigh-potential microentrepreneurs (top third ranked by peers) invested significantly more in business inventory and durable assets while decreasing household expenditure, working an additional 9.9 hours per week and 4.6 days per month compared to lower-ranked recipients.RCTLabour & employmentFlat Participation Fees and Income TargetingElasticity of effort with respect to piece rates remains positive (+0.06), demonstrating that guaranteed show-up pay does not eliminate piece-rate incentive responsiveness or induce target-earning labor supply contraction.RCTLabour & employmentGender-Invariant Labor Supply Response to Unearned IncomeThe gender interaction term coefficient with yearly prize is +0.002 (standard error 0.057), demonstrating no statistically significant difference in marginal propensity to earn between men (baseline MPE of -0.124) and women (MPE of -0.122).Observational StudyLabour & employmentHousewife-to-Entrepreneur Occupational ShiftParticipants who attended business training with a friend experienced a 4 percentage point (40 percent relative) reduction in reporting their primary occupation as housewife, accompanied by significantly increased labor hours worked and higher total sales compared to control subjects.RCTPolicy & public sectorMeans-Tested Housing Voucher Work DisincentiveVoucher utilization reduced quarterly employment rates by 3.6 percentage points (6 percent of control complier mean), reduced quarterly earnings by $329 (10 percent of control complier mean), and increased public assistance participation by 6.7 percentage points (12 percent of control complier mean).RCTLabour & employmentIncome Tapering Disincentive EffectMonthly cash benefits were reduced linearly against labor earnings up to the minimum wage (€1,050/month), creating an implicit tax rate of 24%. During the first six months, full-time employment declined significantly by 3 percentage points (ITT -0.18 months of total employment from a control mean of 2.41 months, p < 0.05; TOT -0.21 months, p < 0.01), though this negative employment effect disappeared by the second year.RCTLabour & employmentIntensive Margin Daily Labor Supply AdjustmentUrban educated men worked only 23.4 hours per week conditional on employment; acquiring 5 days of work experience increased labor supply on the intensive margin by 1 additional day worked per week on average (p < 0.10).RCTLabour & employmentIntensive Margin Dominance in Labor Supply AdjustmentA 1 million SEK prize reduces weekly working hours by 1.282 hours (3.9% reduction, p < 0.001) while monthly full-time equivalent wages fall by only 147.3 SEK (0.6% reduction, p = 0.080); reduced working hours account for 81% of the overall drop in wage earnings, whereas wage rate changes account for only 18%.RCTLabour & employmentJob Stability Preference over Self-Employment64% of youth searched specifically for permanent jobs (versus 11% seeking temporary work), work stability was the second most cited desirable job characteristic (20.4% versus 6.7% for working hours), and only 5.4% cited starting a business as a reason for non-search.Observational StudyLabour & employmentLabor Substitution and Foregone EarningsIn Côte d'Ivoire, net participant earning gains accounted for only 53 percent of total public works wages due to foregone lower-paying work. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, when one family member participated, other household members worked 1.5 percentage points less, contributing to a 9 percent decline in total monthly household earnings.RCTLabour & employmentFormal Sector Labor Supply Expansion Without Local Sector DisplacementBusiness process outsourcing employment increased by 4.6 percentage points (p < 0.01) with no statistically significant decline in agricultural labor (-0.008, p > 0.10) or non-BPO paid work (-0.012, p > 0.10), proving total female labor supply expanded from previously inactive populations.RCTLabour & employmentLandless Labor Supply Income EffectIn villages experiencing delayed monsoon payouts, receiving an insurance payout lowered labor force participation by 28.5 percentage points (t-stat = -1.635) and reduced harvest labor supply by 15.44 days (t-stat = -1.391) at median rainfall deficiency.RCTLabour & employmentLifecycle Labor Supply Anticipation EffectApplicants awaiting a voucher offer increased employment by 0.6 percentage points (approximately 1 percent relative to the control mean) during the pre-offer waiting period prior to receiving voucher assistance.RCTLabour & employmentMacroeconomic Mitigation of Work DisincentivesA 1 percentage point increase in the unemployment rate surrounding the time of the voucher offer mitigated the ITT employment reduction by 0.006 (relative to an average ITT employment effect of -0.017), indicating weaker economic conditions at offer buffer against labor supply drops.RCTLabour & employmentMale Labor Supply CompensationMen in the full treatment group were significantly more likely to work in the public sector, compensating for household income that had shifted under the direct control of female household members.RCTLabour & employmentMarginal Value of Non-Work Time (MVT)Mean hourly MVT rises monotonically from $4.80 for 5–10 hours/week to $8.95 for 20–25 hours/week, $12.00–$14.68 for 30–40 hours/week, and $21.89–$22.69 for 40–50 hours/week, yielding an average flow value of non-work time relative to pre-tax predicted market wage ($\tilde{z}$) of 0.58 ($s.e. = 0.04$).RCTLabour & employmentNonlinear Income Effect Across Prize MagnitudesLinear specification yields an underestimated MPE of -0.051 due to extreme prize skewness, whereas a quadratic specification yields MPE derivatives of -0.114 at prize = $0 and -0.097 at median prize ($32,000), with a highly significant quadratic term (t-statistic = 4.8).Observational StudyEconomics (general)Overtime Intercept Constraint ExtrapolationUnconstrained logit models yield an imprecisely estimated marginal value of time of $43.10 (s.e. = 15.90) for 40 vs 45 hours, whereas imposing linear intercept constraints reduces the standard error tenfold, yielding a precise MVT of $21.89 (s.e. = 1.70).RCTBehaviour & psychologyPayday-Driven Effort SpikesWorkers exhibiting above-average payday effects were 13.8 percentage points more likely to select positive production targets, selected targets that were 351 fields higher, and after two months were 20.6 percentage points (73%) more likely to select commitment contracts, yielding a 9% output increase when commitment contracts were offered.RCTHealthTreatment-Induced Work Time ReductionParticipants in the standalone Psychiatric Care group reduced work time by 5.4 hours per week (a 10 percent decrease) during the intervention, with no statistically significant increase in overall earnings.RCTLabour & employmentPsychosocial Value of EmploymentParticipants randomly assigned to receive paid work experienced significantly stronger psychological and mental health benefits compared to participants receiving the exact same cash amount without work.RCTLabour & employmentReservation Wage Inelasticity to ExperienceShort-term work experience produced a statistically non-significant effect on monthly reservation wages (IV estimate = +$124.40, p > 0.10) and no significant increase in active job search duration (IV estimate = +0.089, p > 0.10), ruling out reservation wage shifts as the mechanism driving daily wage returns.RCT