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Standard periodic attendance subsidies increased secondary school attendance by 2 to 4 percentage points, whereas lump-sum payments timed at matriculation deadlines increased tertiary education attendance by over 9 percentage points.
Offering €250 per month increased meeting attendance by 5.3 meetings (ITT, p < 0.01) from a control mean of 7.3, costing an additional €1,530 to €1,868 per participant over two years. However, treatment generated precisely zero impact on overall human capital investment (index effect +0.019, p > 0.10) and caused a temporary 3 percentage point decrease in full-time employment during the first six months (p < 0.05).
Cash transfers increased total months in the program by 7.9 months (ITT, p < 0.01) from a control mean of 11.4 months, and total counselor meetings by 5.3 (ITT, p < 0.01) from a control mean of 7.3. Information exposure increased by 48% (p < 0.01), yet the estimated treatment effect on the standardized human capital investment index and final employment outcomes was precisely zero.