Tag
instrumental_variables
9 findings
Methods & evidenceCatchment Cohort Size InstrumentThe first-stage F-statistic was 23.54 without controls and 10.32 with controls, yielding an IV elasticity estimate of household expenditure to rule-based grants of -0.946 to -1.124 (p < 0.01).Observational StudyEconomics (general)Community Incentive and Distance Instrumental Variable MethodThe first-stage regression predicting the proportion of village members learning HIV results yields a strong F-statistic of 23.98 without controls, with an average of 72.3% of village members learning test results (SD = 0.186).RCTEducationInstrumental Variables Estimation for Experimental Non-ComplianceRandomly assigned teacher effectiveness translated into actual teacher effectiveness at a rate of 0.293 (first stage) due to non-compliance. The IV coefficient of actual teacher effectiveness on student test achievement was 0.955 (p < 0.01, SE = 0.123), proving that a 1-unit predicted difference caused a statistically equivalent ~1-unit actual achievement gain.RCTMethods & evidenceIntention-to-Treat (ITT) InstrumentationIn Year 2 in Mumbai, 33% of schools assigned to receive a balsakhi tutor did not receive one due to administrative difficulties; 2SLS instrumentation successfully eliminated non-compliance bias to yield unbiased direct treatment estimates.RCTMethods & evidenceInstrumental Variable Estimation under One-Sided Non-ComplianceIV estimates proved that downloading predictions had zero statistically significant impact on short-term caseworker compliance (estimates ranged from -0.05 to +0.03 across specifications, all statistically insignificant).RCTEconomics (general)Lottery-Based Instrumental Variable Identification StrategyFirst-stage F-statistics exceed standard weak-instrument thresholds, showing that winning a lottery increases SYEP participation by over 50 percentage points, isolating clean local average treatment effects (LATE) free from selection bias.RCTEconomics (general)Instrumental Variables Correction for Management Measurement ErrorThe IV point estimate for Total Factor Productivity (TFP) was 0.477 (p < 0.05, First-stage F-stat = 86.00) compared to an OLS estimate of 0.167, while the IV effect on quality defects was -1.694 compared to -0.558 under OLS, proving that uninstrumented estimates suffer from substantial downward attenuation bias.RCTLabour & employmentProbabilistic Job Offer InstrumentThe probabilistic job offer assignment strongly predicts short-term employment acquisition with a first-stage F-statistic of 76.36. Assigning 50%, 75%, or 100% probabilities increases job acquisition by 40.2, 56.8, and 83.7 percentage points respectively (p < 0.01).RCTMethods & evidenceSecond-Order Peer Instrumentation (G²X Identification)In Large-Country Virtual-Within networks, peer outcomes increase proposal submission rates ($\beta = 0.533, p < 0.01$). In Small-Country Virtual-Across networks, peer outcomes increase intensive business proposal quality ($\beta = 0.476, p < 0.01$).RCT