Original source
Promoting Labour Market Inclusion: Evidence from the Inclusion Policy Lab in Spain and Across Europe (2025)
J-PAL Europe evidence/policy report · J-PAL Europe
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Bi-Weekly Adaptive Digital Skills Training in One-Stop Window
"The program enhanced digital skills, particularly by improving participants' ability to use digital devices and the internet and complete online administrative procedures. Effects on capacity to secure employment, self-esteem, and satisfaction were positive but small in size."
AUNA Integrated Social and Employment One-Stop Model
"The intervention increased participants' engagement in training programs and employment counselling and may have had a small and positive impact on the number of days worked and employment intensity. ... The program enhanced participants' empowerment, defined in this evaluation as a stable sense of personal competence to effectively manage a wide range of stressful situations..."
Coordinated Needs-Assessment One-Stop Model for Welfare Recipients
"Results showed that this approach increased the take-up of social support programs offered by public social services but it did not increase the take-up of employment and training programs. ... The program did not impact life satisfaction or self-reported health, but it enhanced participants' mental health."
Multi-Service Gender-Focused One-Stop Shop for Unemployed Mothers
"Compared to standard services, participants showed increased job search skills and professional competencies. ... The intervention enhanced personal autonomy and life satisfaction. The evaluation also identified positive impacts on mental health, housing conditions, and social interactions."
Dual Vocational Certification and Long-Term Paid Internship Model
"Compared to standard public employment services, the program enhanced participants' professional competencies, self-efficacy, proactivity, and motivation in the job search."
Mobile-App Assisted Digital Literacy and Job Search Program
"Only the treatment that included digital skills training had a positive impact on the completion of online administrative procedures. None of the interventions impacted job search skills or intensity, access to and use of digital devices, self-perceived ability to secure employment, or life satisfaction."
Dedicated Communal Hubs and Peer Support Networks
"Relative to the comparison group, the program increased participants' job applications, participation in recruitment interviews and take-up of professional or vocational training. It also had a large, positive impact on households' income."
Comprehensive One-Stop Shop Social Support Model
"Compared to families that received the standard social support, the one-stop window improved the overall indicator of social inclusion, with improvements in the measures of housing conditions, parental skills and family satisfaction, community integration, and education performance."
Combined Corporate Intermediation and Digital Skills Training
"Treatment 2 added eight additional digital skills sessions to Treatment 1. ... Treatment 2 improved employment conditions, including the probability of full-time employment, the number of full-time days worked, and employment intensity."
Customised Employment Methodology for Disabled Job Seekers
"The CEM led to increases of 2.3 hours worked per week (73 percent more than the comparison group), and 0.14 work contracts (45 percent) in the last year, although there was no higher employment rate at the endline."
Bundled Digital Literacy and Active Job Search Training
"The Redlab program had a positive and substantial impact on digital skills, job search intensity, respondents' perceived ease of finding employment, and life satisfaction, with these effects persisting in the six months after the intervention ended."
Integrated Health-Care and Employment Support Model for Low-Income Mothers
"The health intervention improved participants' capacity to secure employment. The employment and combined treatments had a positive impact on earned income, although the evaluation did not identify any effect on the number of days or hours worked."
Applied Vocational Entrepreneurship and Career Guidance Model
"The program did not impact students' intention to start a business, but produced modest increases in participants' entrepreneurial attitudes and business behaviour. ... The intervention also led to a significant reduction in the dropout rate in further vocational education."
Multi-Tiered Corporate Mentorship Apprenticeship Model
"Participants were assigned to a job vacancy, where they received support from three types of mentors: an educational mentor, a technical mentor within the company, and a professional mentor also within the company. ... It enhanced participants' core and transversal skills but did not lead to improved employment outcomes."
High-Caseworker Personalised Employment Model for Homeless Individuals
"According to administrative records, participants who received personalised support worked approximately fourteen days more during the six months following the intervention (an increase of roughly 80 percent relative to the comparison group)."
Integrated Psychosocial Therapy and Certified Vocational Training
"The intervention improved several dimensions of personal autonomy, including reducing participants' risk of experiencing mental health problems, increasing their tolerance to frustration, enhancing their ability to identify problems, and improving their knowledge of public resources and digital skills."
Personal Empowerment Workshops and Targeted Vocational Training Model
"The vocational training improved resilience, an overall indicator of job search behaviours and attitudes, as well as proactivity, organisation, and behaviour in job searching. The workshops enhanced overall job search behaviours and attitudes, motivation, and proactivity in the job search."
Two-Generational Integrated Family Support Model
"The combined treatment resulted in a reduction of material and social deprivation, an increase in monthly household income, an improvement in parents' expectations for their children's academic performance, and an improvement in standardised test scores for language and mathematics."